The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This piece contains details of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I really wanted to continue competing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to just come to terms with the fate and understand that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant focus on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both before and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
All Premiership and PWR club now has in-person training on building welcoming cultures, with its success tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the filming of the film, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and help them thrive on and off the pitch with free sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is willing to tell their story then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more comfortable fellow players will become about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to grab the bull by the horns and keep carrying this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that the sport has the ability to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022